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POISONING BY SPECIFIC PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS (TOXICOLOGY)

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 Hello everyone! Today, a wide scope of Toxicology will be discussed. We will discuss the poisoning by specific Pharmaceutical agents. Let's begin!!

Let us begin with a brief introduction to Toxicology.

TOXICOLOGY

Toxicology is a scientific discipline,, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.

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Now let's discuss the names of some of the pharmaceutical agents which will be addressed in today's post.

  1. Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain. Common brand names include Tylenol and Panadol.
  2. Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a medication used to reduce pain, fever, or inflammation. Aspirin-specific inflammatory conditions used for treatment include Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever.
  3. Lithium is a type of medicine known as a mood stabilizer. Certain lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are used as psychiatric medication, primarily for bipolar disorder and a major depressive disorder that does not improve following the use of antidepressants. Lithium, in these disorders, sometimes reduces the risk of suicide. Lithium is taken orally.
  4. Iron: Ferrous sulfate is a medicine used to treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia. Iron helps the body to make healthy red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body.


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POISONING BY SPECIFIC PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS
(CLINICAL FEATURES)



1. PARACETAMOL:


     CLINICAL FEATURES:

  • Initially, the patient experiences nausea, vomiting, and right upper quadrant pain. 
  • After 24 hours, liver failure, and jaundice will be experienced by the patient. Renal(kidney) failure may or may not be experienced.
2. ASPIRIN:
     CLINICAL FEATURES:
  • Mild (more than 150 mg/kg body weight)
    • Nausea and Vomiting
    • Tinnitus and Deafening
    • Hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis. 
  • Moderate (more than 250mg/kg body weight)
    • Peripheral vasodilation
    • Bounding pulses and profused sweating

  • Severe (more than500mg/kg body weight)
    • Metabolic acidosis
    • Hyperglycemia 
    • Hyperpyrexia
    • Renal failure 
    • Pulmonary edema
    • Shock and cerebral edema


3. LITHIUM:

     CLINICAL FEATURES:
  • Polyuria, thirst, diarrhea, and vomiting
  • Dizziness and tremor
  • Muscular weakness, myoclonus, fasciculations.
  • Severe poisoning. 
    • Coma, convulsions.
    • Blood pressure disturbances
    • Renal failure 

4. IRON:

    CLINICAL FEATURES:

  • GI disturbances.
  • Rectal bleeding (or Hematemesis)
  • Hyperglycemia or leukocytosis
  • Severe poisoning:
    • Drowsing, convulsions, coma
    • Metabolic acidosis and cardiovascular collapse

Well readers, so that was it. In the next blog, we will discuss its management. Hope you liked it and if any problems, feel free to ask in the comment section. Suggestions are also appreciated. Please share and follow my blog. I would write my next blog soon. Till then, bye!

 

 



              

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