Greetings Everyone! I hope that you are all fine and I am fine too. Today I would discuss a complication that is very common worldwide. Today, we will discuss diabetes. Let us get begin!
GENERAL INTRODUCTION:-
Diabetes is also known as" Diabetes Mellitus. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by accession in plasma blood glucose(hyperglycemia). In easy words, it is a disease in which the sugar or glucose levels of someone reach an alarming state. When someone's sugar level is too high, we can say that the person has diabetes. Diabetes has two types, known as type 1 and type 2. In this blog, I will generally discuss type 1. (I will discuss type 2 in my next blog. So don't forget to follow and subscribe to my blog to get the latest updates!!!)
TYPE 1 DIABETES:-
Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells(β cells) in the pancreas, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency.
CAUSES:-
- Type 1 diabetes is often passed on from parents to their offsprings. It is also caused by family history. Following are the proportions of inheritance of diabetes from various relations:-
RELATIVE WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES %OVERALL RISK
Identical twin 35
Non-Identical twin 20
HLA-identical sibling 16
Non-Identical sibling 3
Father 9
Mother 3
Both Parents Up to 30
- Environmental factors play a role in the etiopathogenesis of diabetes. They include polluted air, soil, water, unhealthy diet, stress, lack of physical activity, vitamin-D deficiency, exposure to enteroviruses, and damage to immune cells.
- Greater Longevity
- Obesity
- Unsatisfactory Diet
- Sedentary Lifestyle
- Increased urbanization
- Absorption of glucose after meals.
SYMPTOMS:-
- Increased thirst.
- Frequent urination.
- Extreme hunger.
- Unintended weight loss.
- Irritability and other mood changes.
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Blurred vision.
DIAGNOSIS
Following are the tests which can help you confirm whether you have diabetes or not:-
- Urine testing
- Blood testing
- A1C test
- Random Plasma Glucose test(RPG)
- Fasting Plasma Glucose test(FPG)
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
- Keep your blood glucose levels as near to normal as possible by balancing food intake with medication and activity.
- Maintain your blood cholesterol and triglyceride (lipid) levels as near the normal ranges as possible.
- Control your blood pressure. Your blood pressure should not go over 140/90.
- Decrease or possibly prevent the development of diabetes-related health problems.
- Planning what you eat and following a balanced meal plan.
- Exercising regularly.
- Taking medication, if prescribed, and closely following the guidelines on how and when to take it.
- Monitoring your blood glucose and blood pressure levels at home.
- Keeping your appointments with your healthcare providers and having laboratory tests completed as ordered by your doctor.
- Choose your carbs carefully
- Lose weight if you are overweight
- Get enough sleep
- Be active
- Manage stress
- Try to lessen the amount of salt in your food.
- Take care of your bumps and bruises(Diabetes raises your risk of infection and slows healing, so treat even simple cuts and scrapes quickly. Properly clean your wound and use an antibiotic cream and sterile bandage. See a doctor if it's not better in a few days. Check your feet every day for blisters, cuts, sores, redness, or swelling. Moisturize them to prevent cracks.)
- Say no to smoking
- Eat more greens
Diabetes is a major burden upon Health Care facilities in all countries. Globally, diabetes caused 4.6 million deaths in 2011, and Healthcare expenditure attributed to diabetes was estimated to be at least US$465 billion or 11 % of the total healthcare expenditure.
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