A STUDY ON ANEMIA

 Hello Everyone! I hope you all are fine. I am fine too. Today I would talk of a disorder that is related to human blood. It is the most common blood disorder in the world. Yes! I am talking of Anemia. What it is, how it happens, and how it is cured, I will discuss everything. So, let's get started!

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Anemia refers to a state in which the level of hemoglobin in the blood is below the reference range which is appropriate for age and sex. In easy words, anemia means the deficiency of blood in human beings.

CAUSES

There are several causes of anemia. Some of them are listed below:-

• Lack of Iron, Vitamin B12, or Folate.
• Blood Loss.
• Increased loss of RBCs or Red Blood Cells.
• Hemolysis (The destruction of RBCs)
• Cancer.
• Hypersplenism(It is an overactive spleen that removes old and damaged blood cells from the bloodstream. It is an organ that is situated in the upper-left part of the abdomen. When your spleen's overactive, or “hyper,” it removes too many blood cells, including healthy ones. Without enough healthy, mature blood cells, your body has a harder time, fighting infection and you may become anemic).
• Past Medical History (Such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (Anemia of chronic disease) or any previous Surgery(e.g resection of the stomach or the small bowel which may lead to malabsorption of Iron or Vitamin B12.)
• Family History/Ethnical background.
• Drug History( It may reveal the ingestion of that result in blood loss (e.g. aspirin and anti-inflammatory drugs), Hemolysis(e.g.Sulphonamides), Aplysia(is the failure of the body to produce blood cells. (Chloramphenicol))
• Cardiorespiratory Disease. 

SYMPTOMS

• Fatigue.
• Weakness.
• Pale or yellowish skin.
• Irregular heartbeats.
• Shortness of breath.
• Dizziness or lightheadedness.
• Chest pain.
• Cold hands and feet.

DIAGNOSIS

Schemes for the investigation of anemia are often based on the size of the red cells which is most accurately indicated by MCV in the FBC. Commonly, in the presence of anemia:-

• Normal MCV( normocytic) suggests either acute blood loss or the anemia of chronic disease( ACD)anemia 
• A low MCV( microcytic) suggests iron deficiency or thalassemia. anemia
• A high MCV( macrocytic) suggests vitamin B12 or folate deficiency or myelodysplasia.

TREATMENTS

Treatment for anemia usually involves taking iron supplements and changing your diet. If the cause of iron deficiency is the loss of blood, the source of the bleeding must be located and the bleeding stopped. This might involve surgery. 

Treatments: Blood transfusion

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PREVENTIONS

AVOID THE FOLLOWING FOOD TO AVOID ANEMIA.

• tea and coffee.
• milk and some dairy products.
• whole-grain cereals.
• foods that contain tannins, such as grapes, corn, and sorghum.
• foods rich in gluten, such as pasta and other products made with wheat, barley, rye, or oats.

Well, friends, so that was it. I hope I have provided every point of importance